First, this article gives you 20 original Fundamental Rights MCQs with Answers for competitive exams. Moreover, it covers Articles 12 to 35 of the Indian Constitution in simple language. As a result, RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC aspirants can revise a high-value polity topic quickly. In addition, the questions follow a moderate level, so beginners and advanced learners can both benefit. Next, we divided the questions into four groups: basics, equality and freedom, exploitation and religion, and remedies. Then, you can solve each group, check the correct answer, and read the Extra Information. Therefore, you learn the facts behind every answer, not just the option. Finally, you can repeat the set in timed mode to build speed and accuracy.
Basics and Features of Fundamental Rights MCQs
Q1
Which part of the Constitution contains the Fundamental Rights?
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Answer: B) Part III
First, Part III covers Articles 12 to 35 of the Constitution. Also, courts enforce these rights when governments break them. As a result, people can approach the Supreme Court directly. However, Directive Principles in Part IV do not carry the same legal force. Finally, many experts compare Part III with a charter of citizens’ freedoms.
Q2
How many Fundamental Rights does the Constitution list today?
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Answer: C) Six
In fact, the Constitution now lists six Fundamental Rights. Moreover, these include equality, freedom, and protection from exploitation. In addition, they cover religion, culture, education, and constitutional remedies. Therefore, students should memorise the six groups with their article ranges. Overall, this list helps in many exam questions.
Q3
Which amendment removed the Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights?
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Answer: A) 44th Amendment
Earlier, the Constitution listed seven Fundamental Rights. Then, the 44th Amendment of 1978 removed the Right to Property. Because of this, Article 300A now treats property as a legal right. For example, the government must follow the law before it takes private land. Thus, people cannot claim property as a Fundamental Right today.
Q4
Which country’s Bill of Rights influenced India’s Fundamental Rights?
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Answer: D) United States
Besides British ideas, the framers studied the United States Bill of Rights. Furthermore, they borrowed judicial review from the American system. Consequently, the Supreme Court can strike down laws that break these rights. In contrast, Britain follows parliamentary supremacy and has no such written list. Finally, Ireland and Canada influenced other parts of our Constitution.
Q5
Which article explains the meaning of the term “State” in Part III?
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Answer: B) Article 12
Next, Article 12 explains what the term State means. In addition, it covers Parliament, state legislatures, and the executive governments. Moreover, it includes local bodies and other authorities. As a result, people can claim these rights against public bodies. Still, private individuals usually fall outside Article 12.
Right to Equality and Right to Freedom MCQs
Q6
Which article abolishes untouchability?
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Answer: D) Article 17
First, Article 17 abolishes untouchability in every form. Moreover, the Constitution treats this practice as a punishable offence. As a result, Parliament passed a law on this subject in 1955. However, people still need awareness to end such discrimination fully. Finally, this article protects equal dignity for all citizens.
Q7
Which article guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws?
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Answer: A) Article 14
In fact, Article 14 applies to any person within India. In addition, it contains two ideas: equality before law and equal protection of laws. For example, the law treats a minister and a clerk alike in court. However, the State can make reasonable classifications for fair treatment. Thus, equality does not mean identical treatment in every case.
Q8
Which article ensures equality of opportunity in public employment?
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Answer: C) Article 16
Next, Article 16 gives equal opportunity in public jobs. Besides, it bans bias on grounds such as religion, caste, sex, and descent. Therefore, every eligible candidate can apply for government posts. Yet, the State can reserve posts for backward classes under clause 4. In short, this article supports fair recruitment in exams like RRB NTPC and SSC.
Q9
Which article protects life and personal liberty?
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Answer: B) Article 21
Also, Article 21 protects life and personal liberty. Moreover, the Supreme Court widened its meaning in the Maneka Gandhi case of 1978. For instance, courts now include privacy, a clean environment, and a fair trial. In addition, Article 21A gives free education to children aged 6 to 14 years. Thus, this article has become one of the widest Fundamental Rights.
Q10
How many freedoms does Article 19(1) give citizens today?
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Answer: A) Six
Furthermore, Article 19 gives six freedoms to citizens only. For example, citizens enjoy freedom of speech, peaceful assembly, and association. In addition, they can move freely, settle in any part of India, and practise any profession. However, the State can impose reasonable restrictions in the public interest. Overall, Article 19 protects the heart of democratic life.
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Rights Against Exploitation, Religion, and Cultural Rights MCQs
Q11
Which article bans human trafficking and forced labour?
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Answer: C) Article 23
First, Article 23 bans human trafficking and forced labour. Also, it forbids begar, which means unpaid forced work. As a result, no one can force another person to work without pay. However, the State can require compulsory service for public purposes. Finally, this right protects people against both the State and private employers.
Q12
Which article bans child labour below 14 years in factories and mines?
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Answer: D) Article 24
In fact, Article 24 bans child work in factories and mines below 14 years. Moreover, it covers other dangerous jobs too. Therefore, employers cannot hire a child below 14 for risky work. For example, a child cannot work in a mine or a chemical plant. Thus, this article supports school attendance and a safe childhood.
Q13
Which article gives freedom of conscience and the right to practise religion?
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Answer: A) Article 25
Also, Article 25 protects the freedom of conscience. Moreover, it lets every person profess, practise, and propagate a religion. However, the State can limit this right for public order, morality, and health. In contrast, the State cannot favour any one religion, because India follows secularism. Overall, Article 25 supports India’s secular character.
Q14
Which article stops the State from forcing people to pay taxes for one religion?
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Answer: B) Article 27
Next, Article 27 stops the State from forcing taxes for any one religion. In addition, the State can still collect general taxes from all citizens. Because of this, the government cannot spend such tax money to promote one faith. Yet, Article 28 separately limits religious teaching in State-run schools. In short, both articles keep religion and public money apart.
Q15
Which article lets minorities set up and run their own educational institutions?
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Answer: C) Article 30
Earlier, Article 29 protected the language, script, and culture of minorities. Then, Article 30 let minorities set up and run their own schools and colleges. As a result, religious and linguistic minorities can preserve their identity. For instance, a linguistic minority can open a school in its mother tongue. Finally, the State cannot discriminate against these institutions when it gives aid.
Constitutional Remedies, Writs, and Landmark Cases MCQs
Q16
Which article gives the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
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Answer: D) Article 32
First, Article 32 gives people the right to move the Supreme Court directly. Moreover, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar described it as the heart and soul of the Constitution. Because of this, courts can protect other Fundamental Rights quickly. However, a person cannot use Article 32 for ordinary legal disputes. Thus, this right acts as the guard of all other rights.
Q17
Which writ means “to have the body”?
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Answer: B) Habeas corpus
In fact, habeas corpus is a Latin phrase meaning to have the body. Also, courts use this writ to free people who face illegal detention. For example, a court can order police to present a detained person before it. However, courts do not issue it when a lawful court order supports the detention. Overall, this writ protects personal liberty.
Q18
Which writ means “we command”?
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Answer: A) Mandamus
Next, mandamus means we command in Latin. Besides, courts issue it to order a public official to do a legal duty. As a result, officials cannot ignore their official duties. In contrast, courts usually do not issue mandamus against private persons. Finally, courts cannot issue it against the President or Governors personally.
Q19
Which 1973 case introduced the basic structure doctrine?
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Answer: C) Kesavananda Bharati case
Earlier, Parliament argued that it could amend every part of the Constitution. Then, in 1973, the Supreme Court gave its judgment in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala. Therefore, the Court introduced the basic structure doctrine. For instance, Parliament cannot destroy secularism, federalism, or judicial review. Thus, this case remains a favourite topic in UPSC exams.
Q20
Which article lets High Courts issue writs?
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Answer: D) Article 226
Also, Article 226 gives High Courts the power to issue writs. Moreover, this power covers Fundamental Rights and other legal rights. In contrast, Article 32 covers only Fundamental Rights. Therefore, Article 226 has a wider scope than Article 32. Finally, both articles together strengthen the rule of law.
Final Thoughts on Fundamental Rights MCQs
Overall, these MCQs cover the key facts about Fundamental Rights. First, you learned that Part III covers Articles 12 to 35. Moreover, you saw how equality, freedom, and religious rights protect people. In addition, the questions explained exploitation, minority rights, and constitutional remedies. As a result, you now know the main writs and landmark cases. Therefore, revise the Extra Information after every attempt, and note the article numbers. Next, practise the MCQs again and take timed tests to check your speed. Also, try to link each right with a case or an amendment. Finally, keep practising regularly for RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC, and you will gain confidence.